The Petroleum Industry – History, Terminology, and Culture

When you think of crude oil, the first thing that probably comes to your mind is the black liquid that is pumped out of a reservoir. Or you might be thinking of the liquid you pump into your car, which you notice is a bit more expensive than it was a decade or even a week ago. The definition of crude oil is confusing and variable and has been made even more confusing by the introduction of other terms that add little, if anything to petroleum definitions and terminology. Actually, until the mid-1800s, this vast untapped wealth lay mostly hidden below the surface of the earth. Some oil naturally seeped to the earth’s surface and formed shallow pools that were used as a source of medicinal liquids, illuminating oil, and, after evaporation of the volatile components, as a caulking for boats and a building mastic. For centuries, demand was limited but better refining techniques and surging demand for kerosene and lubricants in the late 19th century changed this. Today, crude oil is the major source of fuel used by people today. In this course, we will go back to petroleum’s verbal roots, through its initial uses to its role in society today and the major oil companies that distribute it.

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Course Details

Learning Objectives

By the end of this course, you will be able to:
  • Identify historical and modern perspectives of crude oil.
  • List the seven major oil companies, referred to as the Seven Sisters.
  • Differentiate between the terms petroleum, natural gas, heavy oil, and tar sand bitumen.
  • Identify key events in the emergence of the Middle East as a major provider of oil.
  • Identify trends in the use of petroleum.
  • Explain the rationale behind the costs and prices of oil.

Specs

Course Level Fundamental
Languages English
Compatibility Audio, MobileReady

Dr. James G. Speight C. CChem., FRSC, FCIC, FACS

Dr. James G. Speight C. CChem., FRSC, FCIC, FACS earned his B.Sc. and PhD degrees from the University of Manchester, England – he also holds a DSC in The Geological Sciences (VINIGRI, St. Petersburg, Russia) and a PhD in Petroleum Engineering, (Dubna International University, Moscow, Russia). Dr. Speight is the author of more than 50 books in petroleum science, petroleum engineering, and environmental sciences. Formerly the CEO of the Western Research Institute (now an independent consultant), he has served as Adjunct Professor in the Department of Chemical and Fuels Engineering at the University of Utah and in the Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Petroleum Engineering at the University of Wyoming. In addition he has also been a Visiting Professor in Chemical Engineering at the following universities: the University of Missouri-Columbia, the Technical University of Denmark, and the University of Trinidad and Tobago. Dr. Speight was elected to the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1996 and awarded the Gold Medal of Honor that same year for outstanding contributions to the field of petroleum sciences. He has also received the Scientists without Borders Medal of Honor of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In 2001, the Academy also awarded Dr. Speight the Einstein Medal for outstanding contributions and service in the field of Geological Sciences.

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