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Featured Courses

Turbine Generator Basics

The steam turbine generators used today produce approximately 85% of the electricity in the United States. The primary supply of electrical energy is made in three-phase synchronous generators with power ratings up to 1,500 megawatts or more.

Power Boiler Basics

The purpose of a power boiler is to create steam by applying heat energy to water. The steam produced by the power boiler can be transferred through piping to a number of applications throughout industrial facilities.

Steam Turbine Mechanical Drives

The steam turbine generators used today produce approximately 85% of the electricity in the United States. In a typical turbine, steam flows in at a speed near 100 miles per hour and at temperatures from 400 to 950 degrees Fahrenheit.

Analysis of Boiler Efficiency

This course explains how air heaters and preheaters affect boiler efficiency and heat rate. After completing this course, participants should be able to identify boiler parameters commonly associated with air heaters and preheaters and explain how boiler efficiency and heat rate are affected by changes in those parameters. They should also be able to explain how problems with air heaters and preheaters can be recognized and corrected. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Boiler Efficiency 1: Air Heaters and Preheaters

This course explains how air heaters and preheaters affect boiler efficiency and heat rate. After completing this course participants should be able to identify boiler parameters commonly associated with air heaters and preheaters and explain how boiler efficiency and heat rate are affected by changes in those parameters. They should also be able to explain how problems with air heaters and preheaters can be recognized and corrected. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Boiler Efficiency 2: Oil and Gas Fired Furnaces

This course is designed to explain how the windbox, the burners, and the furnace affect the efficiency and heat rate of oil and gas fired boilers. After completing this course, participants should be able to explain how the windbox, the burners, and the furnace operate together to sustain combustion, and how problems with these components can be recognized and corrected. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Boiler Efficiency 2: Windboxes, Burners, and the Furnace

This course is designed to explain how the windbox, the burners, and the furnace affect boiler efficiency and heat rate. After completing this course, participants should be able to explain how the windbox, the burners, and the furnace operate together to sustain combustion, and how problems with these components can be recognized and corrected. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Boiler Efficiency 3: Superheaters, Reheaters, and the Economizer

This course describes how superheaters, reheaters, and the economizer affect boiler efficiency and heat rate. After completing this course, participants should be able to describe how superheaters and reheaters add heat to steam, and how the economizer adds heat to feedwater. They should also be able to explain how attemperators control steam temperatures and protect superheaters and reheaters; and how problems with superheaters, reheaters, and economizers affect heat rate. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Boiler Feedwater - Chemical Additives

The primary function of a boiler is to transfer heat from hot gases generated by the combustion of fuel into water until it becomes hot or turns to steam. The steam or hot water is then used in a variety of facility processes. Boiler feedwater often contains impurities, which impair boiler operation and efficiency. To improve feedwater quality and steam purity, as well as correct other problems caused by impurities, chemicals can be injected directly into the feedwater or steam. Chemical additives increase boiler efficiency, reduce fuel, operating and maintenance costs, minimize maintenance and downtime, and protect equipment from corrosion and extend equipment life.

Boiler Feedwater - Deaeration

A boiler recovers heat from burned fuels. This is accomplished when high pressure boiler feedwater inside tubes located throughout the boiler is heated and turns into steam or hot water. The steam or hot water is then used in a variety of facility processes. Boiler feedwater often contains dissolved oxygen, which is a common cause of corrosion inside boilers. The dissolved oxygen reacts with the boiler's waterside metal surfaces to damage boiler tubes, headers, and drums. Corrosion can become more aggressive depending on the concentration of gas, pH, and temperature of the boiler feedwater. Therefore, the purpose of deaeration is to remove dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other non-condensable gases from boiler feedwater.

Boiler Feedwater - Demineralizer

A boiler recovers heat from burned fuels. This is accomplished when high pressure boiler feedwater inside tubes located throughout the boiler is heated and turns into steam or hot water. The steam or hot water is then used in a variety of facility processes. Boiler feedwater often contains inorganic salts, dissolved impurities, and foreign particles, which generate corrosion problems and decrease efficiency due to damage to heat transfer surfaces. Demineralizers use ion exchange resins to remove these impurities in the raw water used for makeup in boiler feedwater.

Boiler Fundamentals

Boilers are commonly used to provide a source of steam for industrial plants. The plant personnel who operate and maintain boilers need to have a good working knowledge of the fundamental principles of boiler operation. They also have to know how to monitor and control the operation of boilers in their plant and the systems associated with the boilers. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Boiler Water Congruent Phosphate Treatment

Did you know managing boiler water chemistry to prevent corrosion is critically important for boiler safety, performance, and reliability? Boiler tube failures cause unplanned downtime and, in some cases, lead to catastrophic incidents. In this online interactive course we cover the purpose of a congruent phosphate treatment program, typical sodium-to-phosphate ratio limits and the importance of maintaining them within the specified range, and the actions needed to adjust the sodium-to-phosphate ratio to stay within the control “box.”

Boilers: Combustion, Water, and Steam

This course is designed to familiarize participants with some of the equipment and flow paths associated with combustion and steam production in a boiler. After completing this course, participants should be able to describe the parts and operation of typical gas burners, oil burners, and stokers. They should also be able to explain how air flow is produced in a boiler, why the proper fuel-to-air ratio must be maintained, and how air heaters improve the efficiency of boiler operation. Finally, participants should be able to explain how water circulation occurs in a boiler and describe the use of economizers and moisture separators. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Compressed Air Systems

The purpose of a compressed air system is to generate and maintain a reliable source of high-pressure, or compressed air. Compressed air is used directly in such commercial applications as spray painting and sandblasting, and it is used extensively as an energy source for powering pneumatic tools and actuators. This course covers industrial compressed air system and their common components, including different air compressor types, filters, coolers, receivers, dryers, and distribution systems. Leak detection and compressed air safety is also discussed.

Demineralizer Troubleshooting

Boiler feedwater often contains inorganic salts, dissolved impurities, and foreign particles, which cause corrosion and scale problems and decrease boiler efficiency. Ion exchange is the main process used to control boiler water quality. Ions are atoms or molecules that have split up in water and lost or gained an electron, thus acquiring an electrical charge. Ion exchange is a reversible chemical reaction in which ions in a solution are exchanged for a similarly charged ion attached to an immobile solid particle, called “resin.” Because ions have positive or negative charges, there are different types of ion exchange resins. Cation resins exchange hydrogen (H+) ions for undesirable positively-charged ions. Anion resins exchange hydroxide ions (OH-) for undesirable negatively-charged ions. This course discusses some of the more common issues that can occur during demineralizer operations, including the parameters that should be monitored and can be used to troubleshoot issues.

Efficient Boiler Operation

This course explains some of the fundamental aspects of turbine efficiency. After completing this course, participants should be able to identify energy flows that enter and exit a typical turbine generator set, and explain how to determine the efficiency of a turbine. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Efficient Operation of Oil and Gas Fired Boilers

This course describes how changes in parameters can affect boiler efficiency and heat rate. After completing this course, participants should be able to explain how changes in key boiler parameters can affect boiler efficiency and heat rate, how some of the possible causes of those changes can be identified, and how problems that can cause parameters to change can be recognized during a boiler walkdown. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Feedwater Heater Efficiency

This course is designed to teach participants how to recognize whether feedwater heaters are operating properly. After completing this course, participants should understand how a feedwater heater works and the role it plays in a generating unit. They should also know how to monitor the operation of a feedwater heater to maintain maximum efficiency and how to recognize and identify feedwater heater problems. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Power Boiler Air and Combustion

The purpose of a power boiler is to create steam by applying heat energy to water. The necessary heat energy is produced by combustion. Fuel and oxygen are required for combustion to occur. To ensure complete combustion of the fuel in the boiler furnace, enough air must be thoroughly mixed with the fuel. Each power boiler fuel requires a different amount of air for complete combustion and the combustion controls must be designed to provide it. This module describes the role of combustion in power boilers as well as major components and flows of power boiler air systems.

Power Boiler Ash Handling

The purpose of a power boiler is to create steam by applying heat energy to water. Many power boilers burn solid fuels, such as wood residue (biomass) and coal, which produce large amounts of ash that must be handled and disposed of. Each solid fuel boiler has a specially designed system to safely remove, transport and dispose of the ash generated during operation of the boiler. This module describes how ash is generated and the typical components used to remove ash in a power boiler.

Power Boiler Basics

The purpose of a power boiler is to create steam by applying heat energy to water. The steam produced by the power boiler can be transferred through piping to a number of applications throughout industrial facilities. This module describes the purpose, design, operation, and key components of a power boiler.

Power Boiler Feedwater and Steam

The purpose of a power boiler is to create steam by applying heat energy to water. The water supplied to the boiler, which is converted to steam, is called feedwater. This feedwater system removes any impurities in the condensate, which is steam converted back to water, preheats and pressurizes it then returns it to the power boiler steam drum. The power boiler control system maintains the proper flow of feedwater to the boiler. As the hot combustion gases pass from the furnace through the generating tube bank, steam is formed in the tubes and rises to the steam drum. This module describes the major components and flows associated with feedwater and steam in a power boiler.

Power Boiler Fuel Supply Systems

In order for a boiler to convert water to steam, a fuel source must release its energy in the form of combustion in the boiler furnace. Fuel systems play a critical role in the performance of a boiler. The most commonly used fuels in power boilers are natural gas, fuel oil, coal, and wood (biomass). Each of these fuels have different physical properties that require delivery systems that are unique to that fuel. Fuel systems should be properly operated and maintained to run efficiently.

Power Plant Boilers: Abnormal Conditions and Emergencies

This course is designed to familiarize participants with common boiler problems and some of the basic causes of boiler explosions. After completing this course, participants should be able to describe basic procedures for dealing with the loss of certain boiler auxiliaries, leaks, overpressure conditions, and equipment fires. They should also be able to describe some basic causes of boiler explosions and explain what operators can do to help prevent boiler explosions. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Power Plant Boilers: Combustion and Operation

This course is designed to familiarize participants with the basic principles associated with combustion in a boiler and the flow of air and combustion gases during boiler operation. After completing this course, participants should be able to identify the elements needed for combustion in a boiler, explain how fuel is delivered to the burners, and describe the parts and operation of various types of burners. They should also be able to describe the air and gas flow path through a boiler and describe methods used to remove particulates and harmful gases from combustion gases. In addition, participants should be able to explain when and why vents, drains, blowdown valves, and soot blowers are used. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Power Plant Boilers: Normal Operations

This course is designed to familiarize participants with the tasks involved in operating boilers under normal conditions. After completing this course, participants should be able to explain what steady state conditions for a boiler are and describe typical operator concerns associated with the energy losses that occur during operation of a boiler under steady state conditions. They should also be able to describe operator responsibilities for monitoring and controlling the boiler's steam/water system, air/gas system, steam temperature, and ash removal systems. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Power Plant Boilers: Startup and Shutdown

This course is designed to familiarize participants with basic techniques for starting up and shutting down drum-type boilers and once-through boilers. After completing this course, participants should be able to describe basic procedures for performing a cold startup of a drum-type boiler, lighting off the furnace, warming up the boiler, and establishing the boiler flame. They should also be able to describe basic procedures for shutting down a typical drum-type boiler. In addition, participants should be able to compare and contrast the startup and shutdown of a drum-type boiler with the startup and shutdown of a once-through boiler. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Power Plant Boilers: Water and Steam

This course is designed to familiarize participants with the basic principles associated with the flow of water and steam in various types of boilers. After completing this course, participants should be able to describe the flow path of water through a typical drum-type boiler, explain the differences between natural circulation and controlled circulation, and describe the functions and components of a typical boiler drum. They should also be able to describe the flow path of steam from the boiler to the condenser in a typical generating unit and explain the function of each component in the flow path. In addition, participants should be able to explain why some boilers operate above the critical point, describe the flow path of water in a once-through supercritical boiler, and explain how steam pressure is maintained in a drum-type boiler and in a once-through boiler. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Ash Handling

Ash is the solid residue that is produced when coal is burned. To keep a coal-fired plant operating, ash must be collected, removed from the plant, and properly disposed of. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Auxiliary Equipment

Auxiliary equipment is used to perform support operations in a typical coal handling system. Support operations, such as weighing coal and collecting coal samples, help provide important information for coal handling and other plant operations.This training program explains why coal is weighed and sampled, and describes some of the auxiliary equipment used to perform these jobs. It also covers some of the preventative maintenance tasks that coal handlers may perform to keep auxiliary equipment in good working condition. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Car Dumpers

Coal handlers operate and maintain the equipment used to transport and unload coal cars. This equipment may include rotary car dumpers, positioners, and retarders. To help coal handlers develop the skills needed to work safely with this equipment, this course describes how rotary car dumpers, positioners, and retarders work. It also explains how this equipment is generally operated during receiving operations, and how it is maintained.

Coal Preparation Equipment

Coal preparation is an important aspect of coal handling. When coal leaves a plant's coal handling system, it generally is sent to one of two places. Depending on the design of the plant, the coal may go directly to a boiler furnace to be burned, or it may go through coal processing equipment, such as a pulverizer, before it is burned. In either case, coal usually has to be prepared during coal handling so that the pulverizing and burning will be more efficient. Coal preparation involves the use of special equipment that operators are often required to inspect, maintain, and troubleshoot. Operating coal preparation equipment properly can help prolong the life of the equipment and maximize the efficiency of the coal handling system.

Control Equipment

The components of a coal handling system are operated with control equipment. The proper operation of the control equipment ensures that the components are started and stopped in the correct sequence so that coal moves smoothly from one component to the next. If one of the components in the sequence is not operated properly, the entire system could come to a stop, and equipment could be damaged. This course describes how control equipment is used to operate coal handling components so that they work together smoothly as a system. Troubleshooting procedures that can be used to determine the cause of a coal handling system malfunction also are covered.

Conveyors

Coal handlers operate and maintain the equipment used to transport coal to a plant for burning or to a coal pile for storage. This equipment includes conveyors, feeders, and chutes. Coal handlers must also inspect and maintain equipment such as magnetic separators and cleaning devices, which help transport operations run smoothly. This course explains how the equipment involved in transport operations works, and how it should be inspected and maintained.

Dust Control

Dust control is an important part of coal handling operations. This course looks at where coal dust is produced, how it can spread, and how it can be kept from spreading. Specific attention is directed to equipment and techniques that are commonly used to control dust in coal handling systems.

Dust Control Equipment, Part 1

Dust from coal handling operations must be controlled to protect personal health, equipment, and the environment. There are many different types of equipment used to control coal dust, and operating it may be part of a coal yard worker’s job. Dust control equipment is classified into two main groups: equipment used to control dust inside buildings and equipment used to control dust outside in the coal yard. This course focuses on the equipment used in the coal yard.

Dust Control Equipment, Part 2

Dust from coal handling operations must be controlled to protect personal health, equipment, and the environment. There are many different types of equipment used to control coal dust, and operating it may be part of a coal yard worker’s job. Dust control equipment is classified into two main groups: equipment used to control dust inside buildings and equipment used to control dust outside in the coal yard. This course focuses on the equipment used in the coal yard.

Handling Wet and Frozen Coal

Wet and frozen coal can create difficult problems for coal handlers, including clogging equipment and impeding or blocking coal flow. However, many of the problems resulting from wet or frozen coal can be greatly reduced, and sometimes entirely avoided, by following certain precautions, by properly using specialized equipment, and, in some cases, by planning ahead. This training program covers the types of problems caused by wet and frozen coal, as well as methods and equipment that are commonly used to avoid, minimize, or respond to these problems.

Stackers

Plants that burn coal typically store their coal in outdoor piles. To move the coal to the storage pile, a machine called a stacker is often used. An important aspect of coal handling is operating a stacker, coordinating its operation with the rest of the coal handling system, and keeping it in good working condition by performing regular inspections and minor maintenance.

Coal Handling Overview, Part 1

Coal handlers work with a variety of equipment designed to help them perform the job of keeping a plant supplied with coal. This equipment, known collectively as the coal handling system, provides an efficient way of carrying out basic coal handling operations, which includes receiving, transporting, storing, and preparing coal. Coal handling systems can also be designed to perform other functions such as weighing coal, taking coal samples, controlling coal dust, and removing ash. This course explains how coal handling systems receive, transport, and store coal outdoors.

Coal Handling Overview, Part 2

Coal handlers work with a variety of equipment designed to help them perform the job of keeping a plant supplied with coal. This equipment, known collectively as the coal handling system, provides an efficient way of carrying out basic coal handling operations. These operations include receiving, transporting, storing, and preparing coal. Coal handling systems can also be designed to perform other functions such as weighing coal, taking coal samples, and controlling coal dust. In addition, coal handlers may be involved in removing the ash produced when coal is burned. It is important for coal handlers to be familiar with the various types of coal handling equipment and with the jobs that they need to perform to keep a coal handling system operating safely and efficiently. This training program explains how coal handling systems generally operate. It also describes equipment that carries out some of the major operations and support functions involved in coal handling.

Coal Handling Overview, Part 3

Coal handlers work with a variety of equipment designed to help them perform the job of keeping a plant supplied with coal. This equipment, known collectively as the coal handling system, provides an efficient way of carrying out basic coal handling operations, which includes receiving, transporting, storing, and preparing coal. Coal handling systems can also be designed to perform other functions such as weighing coal, taking coal samples, controlling coal dust, and removing ash. This course describes how coal handling systems collect and remove ash and describes the jobs coal handlers need to perform to keep a coal handling system operating efficiently.

Bulldozers

The coal that is delivered to a plant is often unloaded and sent directly to bunkers that supply the boiler furnaces. However, when the bunkers are full, the coal delivered to the plant is typically deposited on storage piles. Bulldozers are used to spread coal out on these storage piles and to reclaim coal from the piles when it is needed in the plant. Bulldozers are also used to manage coal piles to reduce the risk of fires and to minimize loss from erosion due to wind and rain. Coal handlers who use bulldozers must know how to operate them safely and correctly, and how to take care of them properly. This training program focuses on the use of bulldozers in coal handling operations. Emphasis is placed on practical applications, inspection procedures, minor maintenance procedures, and basic operating procedures.

Coal Pile Management

Plants that need to burn large quantities of coal also need to maintain large coal reserves. The most common way of storing coal is in large outdoor storage piles.Coal pile management involves moving coal to and from storage piles, and maintaining the piles to deal with coal pile fires and environmental factors such as rain and wind.

Coal Yard Maintenance

Coal is a heavy, abrasive, and corrosive material that can be difficult for equipment to handle. To handle coal, equipment must often run at high speeds and carry heavy loads. To do its job, coal handling equipment must be continually maintained to ensure it stays in good running condition. This course examines the maintenance jobs that are commonly performed on coal handling equipment and describes how coal handlers may be involved with equipment maintenance.

Rail Yard Operations

Receiving and unloading coal are rail yard operations that are commonly performed by coal handlers. To help coal handlers develop the knowledge and skills necessary to work safely with rail yard equipment, this course covers basic rail yard equipment, including tracks, switches, coal cars, and locomotives. It also describes how the braking system on a coal car generally operates, emphasizes the safe working practices associated with mounting and dismounting coal cars, and covers effective communication among members of a rail yard crew.

Combined Cycle: Distributed Control Systems

In this course, we'll focus on distributed control systems (DCS) as they relate to combined cycle power plants. We'll look at the overall purpose of a DCS and examine the components that make up the system. We'll also look at how a DCS can be used to monitor normal plant operation, and change device states and set points. And we'll see how a DCS can be used to troubleshoot malfunctions and abnormalities.

Combined Cycle: Heat Recovery Steam Generators

In this course, we'll focus on heat recovery steam generators as they apply to combined cycle power plants. We'll cover some fundamentals related to the basic types of heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) and to some general design considerations and we'll look at the components found in the various sections of an HRSG. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Combined Cycle: Normal Operations

In this course, we'll focus on the normal operation of a combined cycle power plant. We'll look at an overview of the major components of a combined cycle plant, and we'll see how procedures for plant control are developed and updated. We'll also look at the procedures involved in starting up and shutting down a plant, and we'll see how a distributed control system (DCS) helps operators monitor and maintain a plant during normal operation. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Combustion Turbine: Abnormal Operations

In this program, we’ll cover some problems that can occur during operation of a simple cycle combustion turbine that drives an electric generator, and we’ll see how operators can deal with these problems. We’ll look at problems that can occur during startup and shutdown. We’ll also look at some of the abnormal conditions that can occur within the different component sections of the turbine generator unit, and its support systems.

Combustion Turbine: Components

In this course, we will focus on the components that make up a typical combustion turbine, including those related to the intake and compression of the inlet air, the combustion of the fuel/air mixture, and the expansion of hot combustion gases through and out of the turbine. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Combustion Turbine: Normal Operations

In this course, we'll focus on operator responsibilities that are typically associated with the normal operation of a simple cycle combustion turbine that drives an electric generator. We'll see pre-startup checks that operators perform, and we'll look at steps involved in starting up the unit and then shutting it down. We'll also identify conditions that operators monitor during normal turbine operation, and we'll cover some routine inspection and maintenance tasks that operators may perform. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Combustion Turbine: Principles

In this course, we will focus primarily on combustion turbines that drive electric generators. From this perspective, we will go over the general principles of operation for a combustion turbine. We will look at the fundamentals of how combustion turbines work. We will examine factors that affect turbine efficiency, and we will see some of the many different applications in which combustion turbines are used. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Combustion Turbine: Support Systems, Part 1

In this course, we will focus on several vital support systems that are associated with combustion turbines including the inlet air system, the lubricating oil system and the starting system, and different types of fuel systems. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Combustion Turbine: Support Systems, Part 2

In this course, we'll cover three support systems that are critical for safe and efficient operation of a combustion turbine. These are the control system, the fire protection system, and the environmental system. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Condenser Efficiency

This course is designed to teach participants how condenser performance can affect the efficiency of a generating unit. After completing this course, participants should be able to identify energy flows into and out of a condenser and know how these flows are related to the efficiency of the condenser and to unit heat rate. Participants should also be familiar with different methods of determining condenser efficiency, such as by checking parameters and indicators and using condenser performance curves and circulating water pump selection curves. In addition, participants learn how changes in condenser vacuum can affect unit heat rate and operating costs. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Efficient Condenser Operation

This course is designed to explain how three general categories of problems can affect condenser vacuum, efficiency, and unit heat rate. After completing this course, participants should be able to describe how tube fouling and blockages, air leakage into the condenser, and circulating water flow and temperature problems affect efficiency and unit heat rate. They should also be able to identify ways to recognize and respond to these problems. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Environmental Protection Systems - Air Pollution

This course is designed to familiarize participants with the basic concepts associated with what air pollution is and how it can be controlled. After completing this course, participants should be able to explain what air pollution is, where it can come from, and how it can be monitored. They should also be able to explain how air pollution from industrial facilities can be controlled.

Environmental Protection Systems - Water Pollution

This course explains how water pollution standards are expressed, what the standards are for certain pollutants, and where many pollutants come from. The course also discusses how industrial facilities keep their discharges of potential pollutants below the standards set for them and describes some of the techniques and types of equipment that industry uses to prevent the discharge of pollutants into the environment. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Furnace Fundamentals

An important part of an operator’s job when working with any furnace is to make sure that the furnace is running efficiently in order to save fuel, maximize the amount o f heat that is produced, and minimize the amount of heat that is wasted. More importantly, careful furnace operation helps prevent explosions, injury, and damage to equipment. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Furnace Introduction

Furnaces are an important source of heat for many industrial facilities. Furnaces, which can also be referred to as fired process heaters, are basically enclosed structures that produce heat by the combustion of fuels. This course will review the major components that make up furnaces, explain how combustion takes place inside a furnace, and identify the different flow paths inside a furnace. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Furnaces: Operating Conditions

This course is designed to familiarize participants with general operator responsibilities associated with operating a furnace. After completing this course, participants should be able to identify instrumentation used to monitor furnace operating conditions and explain the basic operating principles, temperature control systems, and process fluid control systems. They should also be able to identify conditions that should be checked during furnace operations and explain how to detect and respond to abnormal conditions. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Furnaces: Startup and Shutdown

This course is designed to familiarize participants with basic procedures for starting up and shutting down a furnace. After completing this course, participants should be able to describe basic procedures for preparing a furnace for startup, establishing the flow of process fluid, and lighting the burners. They should also be able to describe general considerations and basic procedures associated with planned furnace shutdowns and unplanned, or emergency, furnace shutdowns. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Asset Condition Management: Setting Up an Oil Analysis Program

Equipment rarely fails without first sending signals. The question is, are you looking for the signals? Utilizing an oil analysis program is one of the best ways to find those early indications of equipment failure. This interactive online course will teach you about the importance of instituting an oil analysis program and partnering with the right laboratory. You will also learn how to choose what equipment to sample, what tests to use and how to train your personnel.

Cycle Efficiency

This course is designed to familiarize participants with the concept of a boiler envelope and with the input/output method and the heat loss method of determining boiler efficiency. After completing this course, participants should be able to explain what a boiler envelope is and identify energy flows into and out of the boiler envelope. They should also be able to describe how the input/output method and the heat loss method are used to determine boiler efficiency, and identify factors that must be considered when each method is used. Also covered are factors over which the boiler operator has some control. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Efficient Power Plant Operation

This course is designed to explain why unit heat rate is higher than normal during certain operating conditions and describe what can be done to prevent additional efficiency losses from occurring during these conditions. After completing this course, participants should be able to explain how careful planning and following plant procedures can reduce efficiency losses during unit startups and shutdowns. They should also be able to explain why parameters should be kept at their setpoints during reduced power operation, and how changes in weather conditions affect efficiency and heat rate. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Introduction to Heat Rate Improvement

By the conclusion of this course, participants should be able to describe what heat rate is and how it can be determined, and explain how the operating efficiencies of units and components can be determined. They should also be able to describe how operations, maintenance, and engineering groups contribute to the efficient operation of a power plant.

Power Plant Efficiency: Problems and Analysis

This course is designed to reinforce major concepts taught in the heat rate improvement series by having participants participate in the identification and analysis of problems that affect heat rate. After completing this course, participants should be able to identify some of the problems that commonly occur in power plants by using related parameters, and describe how heat rate and fuel consumption are affected by these problems. The final segment in the course summarizes key points from the courses in the heat rate improvement series. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Power Plant Operation: Safety and Pollution Control

This course is designed to familiarize participants with some of the basic concepts associated with personal protection, tagging procedures, and pollution control. After completing this course, participants should be able to describe some of the basic protective equipment that operators commonly use and explain how a tagging system protects personnel who work on or around plant equipment. They should also be able to describe methods of controlling air pollution, thermal pollution, water pollution, and noise pollution. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Power Plant Thermodynamics

After completing this course, participants should be able to explain the basic processes of a typical steam/water cycle and the way the efficiencies of those processes relate to the overall efficiency of the plant. Participants should also be able to explain the effects of changing or modifying the components of a steam/water cycle and to explain what Rankine efficiency is. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Power Plant: Condenser and Circulating Water

The condenser and the circulating water system play a vital role in plant operation and efficiency by completing the steam/water cycle. Part of an operator's job involves monitoring and controlling the condenser and circulating water system. Therefore, it is important to have a good understanding of how these components work and what problems can affect them. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Power Plant: Power & Energy

Power plant operators are responsible for maintaining power production and making sure the plant operates safely and efficiently. To see why this is important, it is helpful to understand how an individual plant fits into a power system providing electricity and distributing electricity to customers. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Power Plant: Power Generation

This course covers topics related to power generation at power plant systems, including voltage induced in an alternating current (AC) generator, generator output current, generator excitation, hydrogen cooling systems, and stator cooling systems. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Power Plant: Steam Systems

Steam Systems is a course designed to familiarize participants with the design and operation of the steam systems found in a typical power plant. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Principles of Heat Transfer

This course is designed to familiarize participants with the basic laws governing heat in motion in a power plant. The course explains basic thermodynamic principles and shows how they apply to the efficiency of plant processes. After completing this course, participants should be able to explain the basic principles of thermodynamics and why they are important to power plant operation. They should also be familiar with temperature/entropy charts, and explain how they are used to determine and compare the efficiency of various processes in a plant cycle.

Power Plant Protection: Boiler and Turbine Protections

This course is designed to familiarize participants with devices and techniques used to protect boilers and turbines. After completing this course, participants should be able to identify common boiler and turbine problems and explain how they can be prevented or minimized. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Power Plant Protection: Fundamentals

This course is designed to familiarize participants with various types of hazards that may exist in a power plant. After completing this course, participants should be able to identify common types of mechanical and electrical hazards, temperature and pressure hazards, and fire and chemical hazards. They should also be able to describe devices and techniques that can be used to prevent or minimize these hazards. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Power Plant Protection: Integrated Systems

This course is designed to familiarize participants with the interaction of various systems that work together to protect plant equipment. After completing this course, participants should be able to interpret logic diagrams that represent the functions carried out by plant protection equipment. They should also be able to identify conditions that can cause a boiler trip, a turbine trip, and a generator trip.

Analysis of Turbine Efficiency

This course explain how a typical turbine is designed to convert energy to work and how turbine efficiency is affected by problems with internal turbine components. After completing this course, participants should have an understanding of how internal components, particularly the turbine blades, affect turbine efficiency and heat rate. They should also be able to identify ways to recognize and correct efficiency problems associated with a turbine. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Multi-Stage Turbines

The steam turbine generators used today produce approximately 85% of the electricity in the United States. In a typical turbine, steam flows in at a speed near 100 miles per hour and at temperatures from 400 to 950 degrees Fahrenheit. This course describes the differences between an Impulse and Reaction turbine, why steam turbines are multi-staged, the different types of turbine blade compounding arrangements, or stages and how they relate to turbine efficiency.

Power Plant Turbines: Bearings and Operation

This course is designed to familiarize participants with basic principles associated with turbine shaft bearing lubrication, turbine speed control, and turbine operation. After completing this course, participants should be able to identify and describe the functions of the components of a typical turbine lube oil system. They should also be able to describe the basic components and operation of a typical turbine speed control system. In addition, participants should be able to describe operator responsibilities associated with turbine startup, operation, and shutdown. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Power Plant Turbines: Steam Flow

This course is designed to familiarize participants with basic principles associated with the construction and operation of steam turbines. After completing this course, participants should be able to state the functions of the main parts of a typical turbine and describe how steam causes impulse blades and reaction blades to turn a turbine's wheels. They should also be able to describe the purpose and operation of a gland steam seal system, a gland steam seal exhaust system, a carbon seal, and a water seal. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Steam Turbine Mechanical Drives

The steam turbine generators used today produce approximately 85% of the electricity in the United States. In a typical turbine, steam flows in at a speed near 100 miles per hour and at temperatures from 400 to 950 degrees Fahrenheit. This course describes the differences between Impulse and Reaction turbines, how steam turbines are classified, and some typical operational issues associated with steam turbines.

Turbine Efficiency, Part 1

This course examines some of the conditions that can cause operating parameters to change and some of the effects of those changes. After completing this course, participants should be able to explain why it is important to operate a turbine as close to its design parameter values as possible, and describe how changes in certain parameters affect efficiency, heat rate, and fuel consumption. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Turbine Efficiency, Part 2

This course is designed to explain how turbine efficiency and unit heat rate are affected by the use of attemperation, by the positioning of the turbine control valves, and by changes in extraction steam flows. After completing this course, participants should be able to explain why superheat and reheat attemperation cause heat rate to increase, and describe ways to prevent frictional losses in the turbine control valves. They should also be able to describe how heat rate is affected by changes in extraction steam flows. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Turbine Efficiency, Part 3

This course introduces the fundamental aspects of heat transfer and relates that information to component and plant efficiency. After completing the course, participants should be able to explain how heat transfer occurs and identify factors that affect heat transfer. They should also be able to explain how changes in operating conditions affect the factors associated with heat transfer. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Turbine Generator Basics

The steam turbine generators used today produce approximately 85% of the electricity in the United States. The primary supply of electrical energy is made in three-phase synchronous generators with power ratings up to 1,500 megawatts or more. This course discusses the basics of a turbine generator including safety, terminology, design, operation, and the functions of generator protective devices.

Cooling and Chilled Water Systems

When equipment runs, it generates heat. Overheating can lead to equipment malfunctions and possible downtime. In order to prevent this, cooling and chilled water systems are set up to continually remove heat from the components to keep them within a desired temperature range. This course describes the design of cooling and chilled water systems as well as the principles of operation for both chilled and cooling water systems.

Fresh Water Systems

Water is used in virtually every step of the pulping and papermaking process. It is used for cooking, bleaching, washing and fiber transport. It is used for steam creation and cooling. This module covers the major sources of mill raw water, the contaminants commonly found in raw water, as well as raw water testing and treatment.

Paper Machine Seal Water Systems

Seal water systems used on paper and board machines are used to cool and lubricate key equipment, create seals, and increase the efficiency and operation of key equipment. This course discusses the typical equipment used in seal water systems, as well as safety guidelines and hazards around seal water systems.

Water Treatment: Wastewater, Part 1

Industrial facilities use large quantities of water for purposes such as cooling, generating steam, cleaning, and process operations. After the water has been used, it typically has to be treated before it can be safely discharged or recycled to be used again. This course will explain the wastewater treatment process by looking at the stages of wastewater treatment, including primary treatment, intermediate treatment, and secondary treatment. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Water Treatment: Wastewater, Part 2

This course is designed to familiarize participants with basic concepts associated with treating industrial wastewater so that it can be safely reused or discharged into the environment, how filtration and activated carbon adsorption can be used in tertiary treatment, and how final effluent quality standards affect the discharge of wastewater. It will also describe general operator responsibilities in wastewater treatment and specific operator responsibilities in activated sludge systems. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Water Treatment: Water for Plant Systems, Part 1

This course is designed to familiarize participants with basic concepts associated with removing dissolved solids and gases from water, and with the safe use of chemicals in water treatment. After completing this course, participants should be able to describe ways in which dissolved solids and gases can cause problems in plant equipment. They should also be able to describe how these impurities can be removed by devices such as water softeners, demineralizers, activated carbon filters, aerators, and de-aerators. In addition, they should be able to explain how chemicals are used in water treatment and identify safety precautions associated with the use of chemicals. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Water Treatment: Water for Plant Systems, Part 2

This course is designed to familiarize participants with basic concepts associated with removing dissolved solids and gases from water, and with the safe use of chemicals in water treatment. After completing this course, participants should be able to describe ways in which dissolved solids and gases can cause problems in plant equipment. They should also be able to describe how these impurities can be removed by devices such as water softeners, demineralizers, activated carbon filters, aerators, and de-aerators. In addition, they should be able to explain how chemicals are used in water treatment and identify safety precautions associated with the use of chemicals. Vector Solutions has a long history of providing industry-specific content for its customers. While this course and its content remain accurate and functional within our systems, the look and feel may not match our more modern offerings.

Full Library Course List

Coal Handling - Equipment

Coal Handling - Fundamentals

Coal Handling - Moving

Coal Handling - Transport

Rail Yard Operations

Combustion Turbines

Environmental Protection

Power Plant Operation

Power Plant Protection

Water Treatment

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