Alkylation Operations

Topic I: Introduction • Explain what alkylation is. • Identify the major chemical reactions that occur during alkylation. • Identify the main sections of a typical alkylation unit. • Identify the major process variables that are controlled in an alkylation unit. Topic II: Feed Preparation • Identify and describe the feed streams to an alkylation unit. • Describe the equipment and basic operating principles involved in the removal of sulfur from the alkylation feed streams. • Describe the equipment and basic operating principles involved in the removal of water from the alkylation feed streams. • Explain why and how the feed stream is cooled. Topic III: Reaction Equipment • Identify and describe the major components of the reaction section of a typical alkylation unit. • Describe the basic operating principles for the following types of alkylation reactors: jet-type and impeller. Topic IV: Acid Handling • Describe how acid can be handled in a sulfuric acid alkylation unit. • Describe how acid can be handled in a hydrofluoric acid alkylation unit. Topic V: Fractionation • Identify and describe the major components in the fractionation section of a typical alkylation unit. • Identify the product streams produced in the fractionation section of a typical alkylation unit. Topic VI: Process Variables • Identify process variables that are monitored and controlled during alkylation. • Explain why these process variables are important to alkylation. • Describe considerations in responding to a decrease in the isobutane-to-olefin ratio in an alkylation unit. Topic VII: Safety Considerations • Identify safety hazards related to alkylation. • Describe protective gear and safety equipment used to minimize alkylation hazards. • Describe safety procedures that should be followed to minimize alkylation hazards.